正文阅读
Where is the reckoning over disability rights?
残障权利的反思何在？
According to American Community Survey data, 14 percent of Black Americans have a disability, compared with 12.6 percent of the overall population. Thirty-six percent of disabled Black Americans live in poverty, compared with 26 percent of all disabled Americans. Disabled Black people often have to battle harder to get correct diagnoses and services. This is especially true for “invisible disabilities” such as autism, which educators are more likely to dismiss as behavioral issues in Black children than in white ones.
根据美国社区调查（ACS）的数据，美国14%的黑人身患残疾，而这类人群占人口总数的12.6%。黑人残障群体中36%的人生活贫困，而在美国残障群体总人数中这一比例为26%。黑人残障人士往往为了获得规范化的医学诊断和帮助不得不付出更多努力。对于自闭症这类“隐形残疾”更是如此，相较于白人小孩，黑人小孩身患隐形残疾更有可能被老师视为行为问题而不予理会。
Black people with disabilities are especially likely to have issues with police officers, who can misinterpret their behavior—such as a deaf person who keeps walking when told to stop—as a threat. When law enforcement assumes a Black person’s failure to comply is because of aggression rather than a disability, the consequences can be deadly. Black Americans in general are 2.5 times as likely as white Americans to be killed by a police officer.
黑人残障群体格外容易与警察发生冲突，比如一个聋人在被告知站住却仍继续前行时，警察会误解他们的行为并视之为威胁。如果执法部门认为黑人违规是因为他们有敌对情绪，而不是身患残疾时，后果可能是致命的。一般来说，美国黑人被警察杀害的可能性是白人的2.5倍。
None of this is that surprising. For centuries, white Americans treated Black people as less than human, as bodies valued only for the work they could do, Jane Dunhamn, the director of the National Black Disability Coalition, told me. Today Black people with disabilities are still doubly marginalized, by both racism and ableism. While America has undergone social and racial reckonings with the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements, we’ve yet to see something similar with the disability movement.
这些都不足为奇。美国黑人残联的负责人简·邓纳姆告诉我，数百年来，美国白人认为黑人低人一等，认为黑人群体的价值仅限于他们能胜任的工作。如今，黑人残障群体仍被种族主义和残障歧视双重边缘化。虽然“我也是”（#MeToo）和“黑人的命也是命”（Black Lives Matter）运动让美国进行了社会和种族问题的反思，但在残障运动中我们还没有看到这样的反思意识。
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